Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States

Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808–July 31, 1875) was the seventeenth president of the United States. He took office after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and was president through the contentious early days of Reconstruction. His vision of Reconstruction was rejected and his presidency was not successful. He was impeached by Congress, averting removal from office by one vote, and was not re-nominated in the following election. Fast Facts: Andrew Johnson Known For:  Seventeenth president of the United States, impeachmentBorn:  December 29, 1808 in Raleigh, North CarolinaParents: Jacob Johnson and Mary Polly McDonough JohnsonDied:  July 31, 1875 in Carters Station, TennesseeEducation: Self-educatedSpouse: Eliza McCardleChildren: Martha, Charles, Mary, Robert, and Andrew Jr.Notable Quote: Honest conviction is my courage; the Constitution is my guide. Early Life and Education Andrew Johnson was born on December 29, 1808, in Raleigh, North Carolina. His father died when Johnson was 3 years old and his mother soon remarried. Johnson was raised in poverty. Both he and his brother William were bound out by their mother as indentured servants to a tailor, working for their food and lodging. In 1824, the brothers ran away, breaking their contract after two years. The tailor advertised a reward for anyone who would return the brothers to him, but they were never captured. Johnson then moved to Tennessee and worked in the tailors trade. He never attended school and he taught himself to read. In 1827, Johnson married Eliza McCardle when he was 18 and she was 16. She was well-educated and tutored him to help him improve his arithmetic and reading and writing skills. Together they had three sons and two daughters.   Rapid Rise in Politics At age 17, Johnson opened his own successful tailor shop in Greenville, Tennessee. He would hire a man to read to him as he sewed and he took an increasing interest in the Constitution and famous orators. Showing political ambition from an early age, Johnson was elected the mayor of Greenville at age 22 (1830–1833). A Jacksonian Democrat, he then served two terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives (1835–1837, 1839–1841). In 1841 he was elected as a Tennessee state senator. From 1843–1853 he was a U.S. representative. From 1853–1857 he served as governor of Tennessee. Johnson was elected in 1857 to be a U.S. senator representing Tennessee. Dissenting Voice While in Congress, Johnson supported the  Fugitive Slave Act  and the right to own slaves. However, when states started to secede  from the Union in 1861, Johnson was the only southern senator who did not agree. Because of this, he retained his seat. Southerners viewed him as a traitor. Ironically, Johnson saw both secessionists and abolitionists as enemies to the Union. During the war, in 1862, Abraham Lincoln made Johnson the military governor of Tennessee. Becoming the President When President Lincoln ran for reelection in 1864, he chose Johnson as his vice president. Lincoln chose him to help balance the ticket with a Southerner who was also pro-Union. Johnson became president upon Abraham Lincolns assassination on April 15, 1865, just six weeks after Lincolns inauguration. Reconstruction Upon succeeding to the presidency, President Johnson attempted to continue with Lincolns vision of  Reconstruction. To heal the nation, Lincoln and Johnson both prioritized leniency and forgiveness for those who seceded from the Union. Johnsons Reconstruction plan would have allowed Southerners who swore an oath of allegiance to the federal government to regain citizenship. He also favored a relatively quick return of power to the states themselves. These conciliatory measures were never really given a chance by either side. The South resisted extending any civil rights to blacks. The ruling party in Congress, the  Radical Republicans, believed Johnson was being far too lenient and was allowing former rebels too much of a role in the new governments of the South. The Radical Republican plans for Reconstruction were more severe. When the  Radical Republicans  passed the Civil Rights Act in 1866, Johnson vetoed the bill. He did not believe that the North should force its views on the South, but instead favored allowing the South to determine its own course. His vetoes on this and 15 other bills were overridden by the Republicans. These were the first instances of presidential vetoes being overridden.  Most white Southerners also opposed Johnsons vision of Reconstruction. Alaska In 1867, Alaska was purchased in what was called Sewards Folly. The United States purchased the land from Russia for $7.2 million upon Secretary of State  William Sewards  advice. Even though many saw it as folly at the time, it eventually proved to have been a very wise investment. Alaska provided the United States with gold and oil, increased the size of the country drastically, and removed Russian influence from the North American continent. Impeachment And continual conflicts between the Congress and the president eventually led to the impeachment trial of President Johnson.  In 1868, the  House of Representatives  voted to impeach President Andrew Johnson for dismissing his  Secretary of War Stanton  against the order of the Tenure of Office Act, which they had just passed in 1867. Johnson became the first president to be impeached while in office. (The second president would be  Bill Clinton.) Upon impeachment, the Senate is required to vote to decide if a president should be removed from office. The Senate voted against this by only one vote. Post-Presidential Period In 1868, after just one term, Johnson was not nominated to run for the presidency. He retired to Greeneville, Tennessee. He attempted to re-enter the U.S. House and Senate but lost both elections. In 1875, he ran for the Senate again and was elected. Death Soon after taking office as U.S. senator, Johnson died on July 31, 1875. He had suffered a stroke while visiting family in Carters Station, Tennessee. Legacy Johnsons presidency was full of strife and dissension. He disagreed with much of the population and leadership on how to administer Reconstruction. As evidenced by his impeachment and the close vote which almost removed him from office, he was not respected and his vision of Reconstruction was disdained. Most historians see him as a weak and even failed president, however his time in office saw the Alaska purchase and, in spite of him, the passage of both the 13th and 14th amendments: freeing the slaves and extending rights to the former slaves. Sources Castel, Albert E. The Presidency of Andrew Johnson. Regents Press of Kansas, 1979.Gordon-Reed, Annette.  Andrew Johnson. The American Presidents Series. Henry Holt and Company, 2011.â€Å"Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson.† C-Span.Trefousse, Hans L. Andrew Johnson: A Biography. Norton, 1989

Impact Of Technology On The Security System - 1231 Words

T.J.X. was the leading fashionable brand name, off-price product retailer in the U.S. In 2013 the company’s net sales reached $27 billion, increased by 6% compared to the same period in 2012. In 2007, the company was revealed by the investigating authorities that their database had been penetrated by hackers for 1.5 years, and been causing 94 million debit/credit card and customers’ personal information stolen around the world of its 2,500 branch stores. In 2005, the discussion of upgrading the wireless system to the standard WAP was raised in the information department. However, they choose to focus more on constraining the budget rather than to invest on wireless security system. According to the corresponding email between the CIO and the employee, they were aware the necessity of upgrading the system, but decided to overlook on the potential risk and the contingency plan they relied on was hope, hoping that they will not get compromised. And it was the same year when the first major intrusion into the company’s system had occurred at Marshalls. The criminal hacked into the network and established connection with the main TJX server, then downloaded card information with their program installed onto the server. Since the hackers had access to the main database, they were able to modify and delete log files and to move data to hide their movements. This could be one of the reasons why it took the company almost two years to detect that there was some suspicious softwareShow MoreRelatedReviewing State Of Maryland Information Security Program Documentation917 Words   |  4 Pagesis to review State of Maryland information security program documentation and to determine the security standards used to create the program in order to protect confidentiality, integrity and availability of agency operations, organizational assets or individuals which is the main agenda of State of Maryland Department of information technology. 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Corporation Law Australian Investors Forum Pty Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Corporation Law Australian Investors Forum Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction: Corporation Act, 2001, regulates some laws regarding business entity and prescribes duties for the directors of an Australian company (Tills and Wills 2016). The director of a company plays a very important role in case of the companys management and its constitution. Directors are responsible for a companys daily business and owe duties to every shareholders of a company (Burba 2017). Corporations Act deals with statutory requirement of a registered firm, and set out rules regarding the conduct of a companys director and officers. However, there are certain situations where it has been noticed that the Directors are held liable for breach of duties imposed on them. A few cases show the discrepancies on behalf of the directors in their dealing with the company. In Australian Securities and Investment Commission vs. Australian Investors Forum Pty Ltd, the Court has observed that the director of a financial company has failed to show due diligence and care to its share holders, which r esulted in cataclysmic consequence for the company and the effect was detrimental in nature. The Supreme Court of New South Wales suspended the directors of the company, Dennis Ralph Anthony and Lloyd-cocks for a period of 25 years and imposed fine upon them. Discussion: Case summary: Australian Investors Forum Pty Ltd was a company dealing with tradable financial assets, had its office at Sydney (Gitman, Joehnk, Smart and Juchau 2015). Dennis Ralph Anthony and Martin Lloyd Cock were the directors of the company (Asic.gov.au, 2017). On 2005, Australian Securities Investigation Commission had alleged that both the directors, Mr. Anthony and Martin Lloyd-cock breached a numbers of provisions of Corporations Act, 2001. New South Wales Supreme Court held both of them guilty and passed decree against them by suspending them for a period of 25 years and imposed a fine up to $3.6 million. Issue: According to the case law, the issue arose that whether the directors, Mr. Anthony and Mr. Martin Lloyd-Cock had breached the provision of Corporation Act or not. Relevant rules: Corporation Act, 2001 was encoded with an object to regulate the conduct of the directors of a company, and regulates law regarding business (Ciro and Symes 2013). The case of ASIC vs. Australian securities Forum Pty Ltd., is based on the relevant sections such as Ss. 180, 181, 182, 206E(1), 208(1), 209(2), 727(1), 1317E, And 1317H of the Corporation Act, 2001 (chen and Everett 2014). According to the provision of section 180(1) of the Corporation Act, a director of a company should exercise their duties with due care and diligence. Section 181(1) of the same Act stated that a director of a company must exercise those duties for the interest of the corporation as well as for the appropriate purpose. It is not desirable that the directors shall misuse their position for an intention to gain advantage or to cause effect on the corporation. If it is seen that any director had breached these provisions, he shall be liable under these sections. Australian Securities investment Commissions is a body of Australian government that established with a view to regulate laws relating to financial services with an object to protect the consumers (Bird Giligan and Ramsay 2016). If any director infringed any provision of Corporation Act, ASIC can sue him for that before the competent authority. As per section 206E(1) of Corporation Act, 2001 the court can disqualify a person or restrain him from his post after an allegation made by the ASIC if the person contravened the provision of the Act (Hedges et al. 2017). In case of a public company whose shares are traded freely, should acquire approval from its members. If the company fails to do so, the court may pass an order of injunction to prohibit the benefits offered by that company. According to section 727 of Corporation Act, 2001 provides that a person can make an offer only after the disclosure of certain documents to the Australian Securities Investors Commission (Baird 2014). These documents include prospectus, profile statement, and an information statement. Section 1317E and section 1317H of the Act provide the penalty provision in case of contravention of any specified provisions of the Act including the provision regarding breach of officers duties. The penalties stated under the provision of section 1317E are civil in nature. Section 1317H of the Act has confined certain compensation sectors in case of damage faced by corporation. The ratio of compensation should be decided based on damage suffered by company. In ASIC vs. Adler, Adler was the owner of a company named Pacific Eagle Equity Pty Ltd, who got a loan from one general insurance company (du Plessis, J.J. and de Koker, J.N. eds., 2017). Adler was also a trustee of Australian Equities Unit Trust. Pacific Eagle Equity Pty Ltd sold its shares at $2 million loss without the approval taken by the shareholders. Even, the company did not disclose any documents to the investment committee. The loan was also approved without any legal documents. The Court held that, Adler had failed to show due care while performing his duties and the Court had banned Adler from the post of director for a period of 20 years and imposed penalties upon them. Application: It was alleged against Australian Investors Forum that they had offered securities to their members without disclosing any documents before the ASIC. Another allegation was that the directors of a company had infringed their duties due course of performance. Australian Investors Forum ran an investment club since 1998 and used to offer its members placement in companies. Between May 1999 and October 2001, the forum received an amount of $3.2 million as membership fees and subscription fees (Asic.gov.au, 2017). They used the shares as initial public offerings. That lump sum amount was paid to the companies that are owned by the duo directors themselves along with another director, Mr. Dominic Luvara. On 2002, the forum was wound up by the order of court and subsequently others companies that were related to Mr. Anthony, Mr. Lloyd-Cock and Mr. Luvara were also wound up. Australian Securities Investors Commissions was raise their voice against it and filed a case before the Supreme Cou rt, New South Wales in the year 2005. In the course of the cases hearing, the Supreme Court observed that both the directors had failed to perform their duties with due care and negligence (Ozkan, Poletti-Hughes and Trzeciakiewicz 2017). Court has observed that the directors took away all the money that are gained by the forum in between the year of 1999 and 2001, it is a proof that they had done their job with an ulterior intention and they failed to show good faith regarding it and they had used their position improperly. During the investigation, it was found that Mr. Anthony had engaged himself in the management of the forum illegally. He was a bankrupt and thus, prohibited from the company affairs. Further it was revealed that Mr. Lloyd-Cock had contravened the provisions of Corporations Act 2001 knowingly and abstain themselves not to disclose any documents relating to the forum, which was a public company. One Sage Global Fund Limited, where Mr. Anthony holds the post of director, had failed to acquire assent from its shareholders about the payment (Sagecap.in, 2017). Australian Investors Forum had also contravened a part of the Act by misuse its dealers license with an intention to hold clients money on the trusts. All these contraventions were within the knowledge of both the directors, Mr. Dennis Ralph Anthony and Martin Lloyd-Cock. It was observed by the Supreme Court that a company expects directors who acts honestly with a good faith and should be careful over the issues regarding the public policies. He should not present himself as a threat towards the public who are investing. In this case, it was quoted by the court that the duo directors had failed to represent themselves honestly and breached the provisions of Corporations Act. ASCI submitted that a director, who had failed to ensure any strict liability, is liable under section 180(1) of the Act. The profit earned by the forum during the year 1999 and 2001 had been invested to the companies where the directors had interest proved that the directors had failed to exercise their duties for the interest of the corporation and for the benefit of the forum and become liable under section 181(1) of Corporation Act 2001. It is also proved that the directors had misuse their post and tried to gain illegal advantage. The Supreme Court had imposed section 206E upon the directors, holds them liable, and suspended them for a period of 25 years from their respective post by the request of Australian securities and Investment Commissions. It is held that as the forum had failed to show necessary documents to the ASIC, and both the directors know that, are liable within the scope of Corporation Act and are guilty within the provision of section 727 of the Act, 2001. Conclusion: Therefore, from above discussion, it can be concluded that the Australian Investors Forum, being a public company had failed to abide by all the norms of Corporation Act and the Directors of the company were also unable to perform their duties with due care and with good faith. The observation of the court regarding the duo directors was right. After a prolonged examinations and perused all the related documents regarding the case, Supreme Court of new South Wales came into the decision that Mr. Anthony and Mr. Lloyd- Cock are guilty and penalize them by suspending them for a period of 25 years under section 1317E of the Act. The Court had also imposed a penalty of $3.6 million under section 1317H of the Corporation Act 2001 (Hedges 2016). References: Australian securities Investigating Commissions vs. Australian Investors Forum Pty Ltd and Ors (No 3) [2005] NSWSC 1198 (30 November 2005) Tills, M. and Wills, C., 2016. Corporate law: Directors found guilty of breaching duties following corporation's breaches.Governance Directions,68(10), p.624 Burba, T.M., 2017. To" B" or not to" B": Duties of Directors and Rights of Stakeholders in Benefit Corporations.Vand. L. Rev. En Banc,70, pp.87-147 Gitman, L.J., Joehnk, M.D., Smart, S. and Juchau, R.H., 2015.Fundamentals of investing. Pearson Higher Education AU Asic.gov.au. (2017). 05-375 Sydney directors banned for 25 years and ordered to pay $3.6m compensation | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/media-centre/find-a-media-release/2005-releases/05-375-sydney-directors-banned-for-25-years-and-ordered-to-pay-36m-compensation [Accessed 31 May 2017]. Ciro, T. and Symes, C., 2013.Corporations law: in principle. Thomson Reuters. Chen, S.L. and Everett, S., 2014. The dynamics of port reform: different contexts, similar strategies.Maritime Policy Management,41(3), pp.288-301. Bird, H.L., Gilligan, G. and Ramsay, I., 2016. The who, why and what of enforceable undertakings accepted by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. Hedges, J., Bird, H.L., Gilligan, G., Godwin, A. and Ramsay, I., 2017. The Policy and Practice of Enforcement of Directors' Duties by Statutory Agencies in Australia: An Empirical Analysis. Baird, D., 2014.Elements of Bankruptcy, 6th (Concepts and Insights Series). West Academic. .du Plessis, J.J. and de Koker, J.N. eds., 2017.Disqualification of Company Directors: A Comparative Analysis of the Law in the UK, Australia, South Africa, the US and Germany. Routledge.). Knepper, W.E., Bailey, D.A., Bowman, K.B., Eblin, R.L. and Lane, R.S., 2016.Duty of Loyalty(Vol. 1). Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors. Ozkan, A., Poletti-Hughes, J. and Trzeciakiewicz, A., 2017. Directors share dealings and corporate insolvencies: evidence from the UK.The European Journal of Finance,23(5), pp.427-455. Sagecap.in. (2017). Sage Capital. [online] Available at: https://www.sagecap.in/ [Accessed 31 May 2017]. Hedges, J. and Ramsay, I., 2016. Has the Introduction of Civil Penalties Increased the Speed and Success Rate of Directors Duties Cases.

Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men Essay Example

Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men Essay ?In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck created Curley as the main antagonist of the novel. For the purpose of this essay I will analyse and evaluate why Curley is an important character to novel and the effect has to final outcome of the novel. Curley is special to the novel as he has already accomplished the American dream and is a figure of Authority â€Å"He wore high heeled boots†. The high heeled boots support the idea that he is a figure of authority. On our first encounter with Curley he is seen holding an â€Å"aggressive stance similar to a boxer† and we are informed that Curley is â€Å"like small guys, they all hate big guys†. This is important as Lennie one of the main protagonists is a big guy, hinting to the reader that Curley is going to play a big part in the demise of their American Dream. Despite all his power he has inherited by being the son of the boss, he has little control over others. He is constantly intimidating other characters and asking â€Å"you seen my wife†. This supports the fact that he has little control over his wife and is always consciously trying to find her to â€Å"tame† her. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Character Analysis Curley in Of Mice And Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Curley suffers from Napoleon Complex, â€Å"he wore high heeled boots† this suggests that he is trying to make his figure appear bigger, by wearing different cosmetics. This is important to the novel as it shows us accomplishing the American dream does not always lead to happiness despite the other characters assuming so. Curley’s jealousy of Lennie resulted in a physical encounter between the two, where Lennie demolished him by â€Å"crushing his hand† leaving him to â€Å"flop like a fish†. We would be under the assumption that Curley would snitch on Lennie to the boss and get him removed from the ranch but Slim blackmails him â€Å"you gonna tell em’ that you got your hand stuck in the machine, or we gonna get you again†. This is important to novel as we see that there are characters in the novel that lack the oppo

Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe

Suzanne M. Coil’s Harriet Beecher Stowe is a biography of one of the most influential women of the 1800s. Well-written and organized, the book is enjoyable and informative to read, although it does not go into detail about any facet of Stowe’s life. Coil’s sources for her book come mainly from other materials that have been written about Stowe, although she does reference at times the works and letters of Stowe, herself. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut, to Lyman and Roxanna Foote Beecher. The seventh out of thirteen children, she early exhibited her brilliance. Sadly, her mother died while Harriet was only four years old, leaving the duties of raising the large Beecher family to her older sister, Catherine, who would play a large role in Harriet’s life. Lyman Beecher was a domineering, intensely Christian man, and a fiery evangelist who helped to spark the nationwide temperance movement. He, too, would have a great influence on Harriet’s life, although she would eventually come to disagree with his spiritual beliefs. Harriet Beecher Stowe is famous for her writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the book which helped to make an entire nation aware of the horrors of slavery. She met her first Black people at her grandmother’s house at the age of four, and even then, Harriet was confused because she did not understand why the Blacks were not treated as equals, when she was told that everyone was God’s child. Harriet’s father, as well as being a temperance leader, strongly denounced slavery, and this also contributed to Harriet’s early awareness of the evils of slavery. Harriet was very academic. She loved to read, and by age fourteen, she was teaching at her sister’s school for girls, as well as attending classes. By age twenty-one, she was a full-time teacher at the school. However, she hated teaching, preferring to spend her time alone in her attic room, writing... Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe Suzanne M. Coil’s Harriet Beecher Stowe is a biography of one of the most influential women of the 1800s. Well-written and organized, the book is enjoyable and informative to read, although it does not go into detail about any facet of Stowe’s life. Coil’s sources for her book come mainly from other materials that have been written about Stowe, although she does reference at times the works and letters of Stowe, herself. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut, to Lyman and Roxanna Foote Beecher. The seventh out of thirteen children, she early exhibited her brilliance. Sadly, her mother died while Harriet was only four years old, leaving the duties of raising the large Beecher family to her older sister, Catherine, who would play a large role in Harriet’s life. Lyman Beecher was a domineering, intensely Christian man, and a fiery evangelist who helped to spark the nationwide temperance movement. He, too, would have a great influence on Harriet’s life, although she would eventually come to disagree with his spiritual beliefs. Harriet Beecher Stowe is famous for her writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the book which helped to make an entire nation aware of the horrors of slavery. She met her first Black people at her grandmother’s house at the age of four, and even then, Harriet was confused because she did not understand why the Blacks were not treated as equals, when she was told that everyone was God’s child. Harriet’s father, as well as being a temperance leader, strongly denounced slavery, and this also contributed to Harriet’s early awareness of the evils of slavery. Harriet was very academic. She loved to read, and by age fourteen, she was teaching at her sister’s school for girls, as well as attending classes. By age twenty-one, she was a full-time teacher at the school. However, she hated teaching, preferring to spend her time alone in her attic room, writing...

Target Population Needs at JHUSON Primary Care Clinic Case Study

Target Population Needs at JHUSON Primary Care Clinic - Case Study Example In addition, the two years funding by a philanthropist and the offer by Microsoft for both hardware and software installations as opportunities. On the other hand, one threat is the daily violence experienced in the area. One social factor playing out from this case study is that only 50% of the people in this location are enrolled in some medical insurance. In effect, another 50% of the population has no form of medical insurance. On the other hand, there is a high case put forward concerning expected emergency cases in the hospital influenced by the violence cases. In addition, there is a prevalence of respiratory diseases, teen pregnancy, personal and intergenerational drug and alcohol use in the neighbourhood. Observing these facts, which could bring emergency medical cases, ensures that the facility will be wary of emergency cases and thus avoid Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1986 violations (Smith, 2002; Strickler, 2006). According to a Harris Poll conducted in 2002, most Americans preferred hospitals that had nurses with speciality certification (Advanced Practice Nursing Roles, n.d.). Therefore, with this external opportunity will help JHUSON employ nurses that were specialists in the common illnesses in the neighbourhood. In this regard, the neighbourhood will feel safe in the hands of specialists. Another external opportunity related to JHUSON’s business plan concerns the use of health information technology. With its quest of having the service a model for future HIT-enabled inner-city community-based models of care, JHUSON stands to benefit. The government has federal financial incentives to the health service providers that make meaningful use of the electronic method of keeping health records (Jha, DesRoches, Kralovec & Joshi, 2010). Thus, with the business tailored to come with a benefactor in a HIT in the form of Microsoft, the JHUSON service will stand to benefit in terms of financial initiatives offered to HIT users by the government.

Portugal's Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Portugal's Economy - Essay Example Indeed, the economy grew by more than the European Union average in the 1990s, declined between 2001 to 2009 then recorded a 1% growth in 2010 (Central Intelligence Agency , 2011). The 1% growth notwithstanding, Portugal faces tough economic crisis as she recently sought outside help in 2011 in order to recover from her economic problems. In fact, the economic situation is predicted to worsen given the severe austerity measures impose on Portugal by her EC partners (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2011). Gross Domestic Product Portugal’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is the market value of all her final goods and services produced within the country in a given period and which is the standard means of measuring a country's economic growth and standard of living, is estimated at $247 billion as at 2010 with the services sector accounting for 74.5%, secondary sector contributing 23% and primary sector accounting for 2.6% (Central Intelligence Agency , 2011). Figures from the Central Intelligence Agency ranked Portugal’s GDP 50th among other countries in 2010.