An Analysis of Yeats The Second Coming Essay -- Yeats Second Coming E

An Analysis of Yeats The minute ComingYeats poem The Second Coming, written in 1919 and published in 1921 in his collection of poems Michael Robartes and the Dancer, taps into the concept of the gyre and depicts the approach of a new world order. The gyre is one of Yeats favorite motifs, the idea that history occurs in cycles, specifically cycles twenty centuries in length (Yeats, The Second Coming ln. 19). In this poem, Yeats predicts that the Christian era will soon give way apocalyptically to an era ruled by a godlike desert beast with the body of a lion and the head of a man (ln. 14). Critics have argued about the exact meaning of this image, hardly a close reading of the poem, combined with some simple genetic work, shows that Yeats saw the new order as a reign of terror stalk by war. The Second Coming, in its entirety, is an astounding encapsulation of Yeats idea of the gyre and his fears about the future of mankind it is expertly woven with threads of prophetic literary th eatrical role and impressive poetic techniques.To begin, the gyre, a spiral or repeated circling motion, is a symbol and a concept that Yeats used repeatedly in his poetry and prose, and the poetics of The Second Coming illustrate the idea of the gyre. The repeated words in the poem enforce the idea of spiral images (Drake 131) words and phrases, such as surely and is at hand in lines 9 and 10, turning in line 1, is loosed in lines 4 and 5, and the very title, Second Coming in lines 10 and 11, are repeated, creating an imitative effect suggesting the repetitive movement of the gyre (Bornstein 203). Similarly, repetitious or paired images give the same effect, as Yeats seems to cycle through his falcon (The Second Coming... ...tins, 1966. Drake, Nicholas. The poem of W. B. Yeats. London Penguin, 1991. Ellmann, Richard. The Identity of Yeats. New York Oxford, 1954. ---. Yeats the Man and the Masks. New York Macmillan, 1948. Jeffares, A. Norman. A Commentary on the Collected Poems o f W. B. Yeats. Stanford Stanford U., 1968. ---. W. B. Yeats. New York Humanities, 1971. Purdy, Dwight H. Biblical Echo and Allusion in the Poetry of W. B. Yeats Poetics and the cunning of God. Lewisburg Bucknell U., 1994. Stock, A. G. W. B. Yeats His Poetry and Thought. London Cambridge, 1961. Yeats, William Butler. Michael Robartes and the Dancer Manuscript Materials. Eds. Thomas Parkinson and Anne Brannen. Ithaca Cornell, 1994. ---. The Second Coming. Norton Anthology of English Literature. Eds. M. H. Abrams, et al. 6th ed. Vol. 2. New York Norton, 1993. 1880-81.

Essay --

When you dial 911 for an emergency, the outcome may very well depend on the 411 the quality of data available on your condition and ways to treat it. Everybody will experience an Emergency Room visit at some caput in their life, go through the extensive admittance process and will be expected to wait for a considerable nitty-gritty of time beforehand they get treated. The treatment might not come right away depending on the severity of the injury. But have you ever wondered why this always happens? It is manifest that hospitals are always busy youll see nurses always running around and hear doctors names being called on the PA, all of this caused by the endless amount of people that get admitted every second of the day. What people arent aware of is that theres an uprising problem thats present throughout the consentaneous healthcare governance. The healthcare industry generates massive amounts of data every day, part of which is sourced and documented from ancient times. Not every bit of information generated has been in a format readily understood by people in the medical field. To help better acquire, document and understand this information, and to create practical guidelines and applications in straightaways healthcare industry, Health Informatics has been created as a discipline. Many medical information science systems have been developed for maintaining patient records in the doctors offices, clinics, and individual hospitals, and in many instances systems have been developed for distributing information among multiple hospitals and agencies. But much remains to be done to make such information systems maximally useful, issues surrounding confidentiality and ethics plus the lack of funds and training pose as the biggest challenges. The advance... ...tics to Improve Environmental Health Practice published in the Journal of Environmental Health, asserts that the Environmental Health Specialists Network Information System (EHSNIS) program has bee n implemented by the Center for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for Environmental Health to serve as a model of how health informatics would translate into the health environmental field. The EHSNIS main subprogram is to accumulate data from numerous areas to track of a potential foodborne and water-borne illness outbreak (44). On the local to global scale an integrated informatics system would enable health professionals to detect and track natural health emergencies. More importantly this emphasizes on how the collaboration of two different organizations in making of an informatics system that could detect of a potential outbreak should serve as a model

Background Technology in Education :: essays papers

Background Technology in EducationIf you were to walk into any elementary, middle, or high school, youll prevail that many classrooms atomic number 18 equipped with TVs and VCRs. These devices serve as a teaching aide, not as entertainment. Instructional videos give students a chance to witness the drop of tools and strategies they have been learning at school in a practical quite a littleting. Some students do not learn well just from teacher, TVs have been cognize to hold peoples attention for longer spans than one person. Elementary aged students are more vulnerable to TVs than older students. In conjunction with most parents being on the job(p) class and the family unit becoming disjointed, many educational programs were created to help teach children the basic functions of language, mathematics, reading, and writing. This is the most influential educational technology of the past. Along side of the TV in a classroom you may find cassette play/recorder. The cassette player /recorder has been in schools a little longer than the television. Cassette players are primary sources of international language aides. Tapes of people speaking the language of choice were recorded and played back to students. Its better to have an example of a language verbalise than just to see it in a book. Thats why in college if you are taking a foreign language class the book comes with set of language tapes. Many different subjects have applied that same concept of using tapes and cassette players. Books on tape became a popular thing and are astray sold around the United States. Now we have more advanced technologies that are leading us into the future.Modern Technology in EducationWe are living in the time of the information boom. Never before has information been so abundant and easy to find. To many students it seems like a hassle to expect for information on a computer. Could you imagine finding all of your information by flipping pages of books, magazines, and news papers in a library? Technology is case-hardened as a tool to help accomplish a complex task rather than a subject of study for its own sake (US Government, 2001). Computers are an everyday thing for college students in the United States, there is a requirement to be able to use them.The computer is our present and it may be the bide of our future. Most schools are equipped with a computer lab for students to use. From Seseme Street to the Rocky Mountain Learning Systems, there is software for students of all ages.

Basketball In Colleges Essay -- essays research papers

U.S. school and college basketball(Summary of the Jackie Miranda Article)Basketball at the school and college level developed from a structured, fit(p) game in the early days to one that is often fast-paced and high-scoring. Individual skills improved markedly, and although basketball continued to be regarded as the ultimate police squad game, individualistic, one-on-one performers came to be not only accepted but used as an effective means of winning games.In the early eld games were oftentimes won with point totals of less than 30, and the game, from the spectators viewpoint, was slow. Once a team acquired a modest lead the popular tactic was to stall the game by transition the ball without trying to score, in an attempt to run out the clock. The NBC, seeing the need to discourage such slow-down tactics, instituted a number of rule changes. In 1932-33 a line was drawn at mid-court and the criminal offence team was required to advance the ball past it within 10 seconds or lose possession. Five years later, in 1937-38, the centre jump following each field goal or free throw was eliminated. Instead, the defending team was permitted to inbound the ball from the hobby line underneath the basket. Nearly four decades passed before an alteration of like magnitude was made in the college game. After experimentation the NCAA Rules Committee installed a 45-second hit man clock in 1985, restricting the time a team could control the ball before shooting, and one year later implemented a three-point grab rule for baskets made beyond a distance of 19 feet nine inches.More noticeable alteration in the game came both at the play and coaching levels. Stanford Universitys Hank Luisetti was the offset printing to use and popularize the one-hand shot in the late 1930s. Until then the only outside attempts were two-handed push shots. In the 1950s and mid-sixties a shooting style evolved from Luisettis push-off one hander to a jump shot, which is released at the top of t he jump. West Virginia University guard Jerry West and Purdue Universitys Rick Mount were two players who show the devastating effectiveness of this shot.Coaching strategy changed appreciably over the years. Frank W. Keaney, coach at Rhode Island University from 1921 to 1948, is credited with introducing the concept of "fast breaking" basketball, in which the offensive team rushes the ball up... ... telecast nationwide by cable networks, generating both revenue and tremendous exposure.In the evolution of college basketball the darkest hours have been related to bid scandals, the most serious of which arose in 1951. But in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s the game was again touched by the problem. Also, as the game began to draw more attention and pass more income, the pressure to win intensified, resulting in an outbreak of incidents of rule violations, especially with regard to recruitment of star players.New York City basketball writers organized the number one National Invitat ion Tournament (NIT) in 1938, but a year later the New York City colleges took control of the event. Until the early 1950s, the NIT was considered the most prestigious U.S. tournament, but with the return of the college-run NCAA championship, the NIT became a consolation event for teams that failed to make the NCAA selections. Originally all teams in the NIT were invited to New York City and the games were played in Madison Square Garden. From the early 1980s, however, the first three rounds were played at regional or campus sites before the final four teams were brought to New York City.

Flexibility of the Truth Essay -- Literary Analysis, Tim OBrien

Story-truth is sometimes truer than happening-truth. (171) When most people read this quote in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried, they think story truth is emotional truth spell happening truth bear ons to the facts and reality. But beneath the surface we see that the truth is never genuinely told. No matter how you tell a story the actual truth will never be revealed. The actual truth is for our own sense of self.Throughout the story The Lives of the Dead, OBrien recalls his history with Linda, his first love. Linda wore a new red capvery unusual. (217) OBrien has no idea what is going on with Linda at this point in time, but the cap is intelligibly hiding the truth. It is not until later, when Nick Veenhof sneakily lifted off the cap that Lindas head is revealed with a smooth, pale, translucent white. (222) The whiteness of Lindas head seems to be in reference to a blank slate the purity of Linda, but more so the truth. If OBrien wrote that her head was tan or didnt even refer to the nature of the color of her head, then we wouldnt have read closely into this passage.But if you continue reading, we come across this there was a large Band-Aid at the plunk for of her head (222) which can be interpreted as covering up the remaining truth. From this moment on, we can assume that Linda has some sort of fatal ailment and it is confirmed later in the chapter. But what we dont know is how she got it, when she got it, why she got it (genetic or just random), or more importantly, what she is thinking throughout this process. This Band-Aid covers up the remaining answers we have from this point on about Linda. And since she does not speak because Timmy and Linda have a pure knowing (218) of each other, ... ...rite about Linda to rid his storage of the horridness that she went through the day her cap was removed and the visual truth came out.The truth is glorified and considered moral, but if we know that someone will not derive the truth (which h appens in most cases), then we tend to bend it. But how flexible is the truth? The expression of stretching the truth is very relevant in Tim OBriens case. In The Things They Carried, he knows the truth about his characters and his stories, but he stretches the truth continuously throughout his novel and especially with Linda in his dreams. He is not trying to deceive us. He is actually trying to do the opposite and try to get us to understand the truth, not so practically know the truth. Understanding the truth is not overrated, it is just not fit for words or even expressions. The truth is not for anyone, but yourself.

Flexibility of the Truth Essay -- Literary Analysis, Tim OBrien

Story- faithfulness is sometimes truer than happening- justice. (171) When most people read this quote in Tim OBriens The Things They Carried, they think story truth is emotional truth while happening truth refers to the facts and reality. But beneath the surface we see that the truth is never truly told. No matter how you tell a story the actual truth will never be revealed. The actual truth is for our own sense of self. end-to-end the story The Lives of the Dead, OBrien recalls his history with Linda, his first love. Linda wore a new red capvery unusual. (217) OBrien has no idea what is going on with Linda at this point in time, but the cap is clearly hiding the truth. It is not until later, when Nick Veenhof sneakily lifted off the cap that Lindas interrogative sentence is revealed with a smooth, pale, translucent white. (222) The whiteness of Lindas head seems to be in reference to a blank slate the purity of Linda, but more so the truth. If OBrien wrote that her head was tan or didnt even refer to the nature of the color of her head, then we wouldnt have read closely into this passage.But if you sojourn reading, we come across this there was a large Band-Aid at the back of her head (222) which can be interpreted as covering up the remaining truth. From this signification on, we can assume that Linda has some sort of fatal disease and it is confirmed later in the chapter. But what we dont know is how she got it, when she got it, why she got it (genetic or just random), or more importantly, what she is thinking throughout this process. This Band-Aid covers up the remaining answers we have from this point on about Linda. And since she does not speak because Timmy and Linda have a pure knowing (218) of each other, ... ...rite about Linda to rid his memory of the horridness that she went through the day her cap was removed and the visual truth came out.The truth is praise and considered moral, but if we know that someone will not understand t he truth (which happens in most cases), then we tend to bend it. But how flexible is the truth? The expression of stretching the truth is very relevant in Tim OBriens case. In The Things They Carried, he knows the truth about his characters and his stories, but he stretches the truth continuously throughout his novel and especially with Linda in his dreams. He is not adjudicateing to deceive us. He is actually trying to do the opposite and try to get us to understand the truth, not so much know the truth. Understanding the truth is not overrated, it is just not fit for words or even expressions. The truth is not for anyone, but yourself.

Pepsi Case Study Essay

Strategic issueMaintain competitive focus, while splitting PepsiCo and creating constitution for the novel Pepsi Bottling Group.Internal AnalysisPepsi was invented in 1893, establishing a franchise bottling system of 270 bottlers by 1910. Pepsi struggled in its early years declaring bankruptcy twice. The 1970s and early 80s, Pepsi surpassed snow for the first time. Bottling was a capital-intensive business and involved highly specialized production lines. Bottling and canning could cost between $4 million to $10 million each with a minimal investment cost for a small bottling facility of $25 million to $35 million. It was estimated that 80 to 85 plants were required for full U.S.-distribution, with the cost of a fully efficient large plant with a capacity of 40 million cases to be $75 million in 1998. Among top bottlers in 1998, promotional material accounted for 50 per cent of costs of goods s aging, concentrate 33 per cent, sweeteners 10 per cent, and labor most of the remainin g variable costs. While bottlers gross profits often exceeded 40 per cent, operating margins were very thin. Given the intense service provided by the bottlers, the relationship between the bottlers and end retailers was critical to success and sales.Pepsi structured its contracts with bottlers so that bottlers were required to bargain for concentrate from Pepsi at prices set by Pepsi, giving them much greater flexibility. In the mid(prenominal) 80s, Pepsi began acquiring many of its independent bottlers and by the mid 1990s, Pepsi owned half of these outright and had equity positions in many spic-and-span(prenominal)s. Pepsi focused heavily on diversification within the beverage industry as well up as beyond that in first into snack foods, with the merger forming PepsiCo and again with Frito-lay, purchased fast-food chains and casual-dining restaurants. Some of these endeavors went well such as the snack foods while restaurant expansion was failing. Analysts became concerned t hat Pepsi was over extending itself and was in doomed if they continued deal the same path. Pepsi made the right choice exiting the casual dining market, with a slimmed down much focused future they could now focus on new profitable ventures.Pepsis biggest challenge now was to reinvent itself and become a much formidable competitor. A looming opportunity for Pepsi to be a more effective competitor would be if they were to mimic Coca-Colas CCE, which would raise billions of dollars. The result would make Pepsi more competitive and responsive to theircustomers by allowing them to separate and focus on different functional argonas of the company. The newly created Pepsi Bottling Group (PBG) would be the worlds largest manufacturer, seller and electrical distributor of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, which exit provide PBG billion in cash when it goes public. The biggest challenge however was not the IPO, but rather creating a system of corporate governance to see PBG into the future. Craig Weatherup, current president of PepsiCo, CEO of worldwide beverages is faced with splitting PepsiCos worldwide bottling company from its concentrate business and the public offering of the PGB, which he would become CEO, and establishes their governance.External AnalysisBusiness began in the Great Depression when it started competing with light speed offering twice the volume for the same price. The cola wars officially began in the 1950s and continued throughout the century. Intense advertising battles, new packaging, new product introductions, international expansion and price wars erupted between the two companies. Pepsi captured Soviet markets and scored other international successes while Coke international success was dwindling due to poor relations with bottling partners. Pepsi profited from another of Cokes mistakes, when Coke launched New Coke. However, Pepsis luck was short lived when Coke reinstated its old recipe.Originally Coca-Cola agreed to fix pri ce contracts to allow for some adjustment with bottlers. In the 1980s ampere-second announced a refranchising plan that would eliminate weak bottlers, and expand large bottlers outside of their geographic territories. Additionally coke started to buy all of its bottlers, and created Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE), and independent bottling subsidiary, exchange 51% of its shares. By 1998, CCE accounted for more than 60 per cent of Coke North Americas volume and had worldwide sales of approximately $15 billion. The environment of PBGs IPO was not ideal despite its anticipation by the market as everyone and everything was focused on the dot-com world. Identification and Evaluation of courses of featIn order to stay competitive with Coca-Cola, PBG must happen in order to bring in cash flows for future investments. The most difficult childbed will be to assemble the new board for Pepsi Bottling Group and meeting deadlines bywhich the CEO of Pepsi must have a board of directors in place. incorporate governance is the set of rules affecting the trend Processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions a corporation is directed, administered or controlled. Corporate governance also includes the relationships among the many stakeholders involved and the goals for which the corporation is governed. The most presumable form of governance for Weatherup to take would be the market-based, most common in the U.S. be source of its correlation with the stock market and prices. Since the markets are the primary source of capital, investors are presumptuousness the most power in determining corporate policies. Therefore, the system relies on the capital markets to exert control over the corporations management.Weatherup knew that changes of this magnitude could cause widespread confusion, so one way he could quickly assemble a board and governance would be to fall back on old colleagues and executives of PepsiCo and model PBG with similar persons and mechanisms. An option would be to try to imitate Coca-Colas board, and obtain members from their board. Mimicking successful past behaviors of Coca-Cola has boasted well for PepsiCo in the past, so it is likely that new governance similar to theirs would work too. In the past, it has shown that when Pepsi deviates from what Coke is doing it often results in negative outcomes for Pepsi. Having a similar board of directors could keep Pepsi in more of a Coke frame of mind and combine the best from both worlds. A negative drawback to this option would be that it would be very possible for future conflicts of liaison and corruption with such close ties.Another option could be, for all of the responsibilities Weatherup is facing he could simply appoint someone else whom he sees fit, from the new board, to serve as CEO in the near future, and have them work closely with Weatherup as he establishes systems, and policies making sure everything stays in line with the original focus. That way you would have his kn owledge, skills, and expertise to establish the governance and complete all of the executive duties, but his predecessor would be there watching to see how it was all created and will soon run, it would be similar to an apprenticeship. A positive outcome is that everything would occur on time by the preferred persons.A negative is that people whitethorn have doubts in the new CEOs ability to run the company without the presence of Weatherup, and such uncertainty, could cause for stock prices to fall. Another option could be for Weatherup to ask for anextension for when PBG goes public. He is said to be wearing many hats, stretched too thin, etc. Extra time would prevent Weatherup from having to rush through constitution establishing processes, and could give him the option of picking the very best board of directors available rather just the first people available. Another pro to this option is that it is mentioned that the dot-com. stocks are what is making all the money, so waiti ng to sell the IPOs could turn out to be more profitable in the long run.

Rock and Roll: How it Relate to Jazz, Current Hip-hop, Rap, Latin Music, Blues, etc

The origin of shake up and bustle comes from many roots that date back in the nineteenth century. African-American slaves brought by the early(a) American Celtics during the 17th and 18th century in America brought along with them their native African medicament which was later influenced by the medicinal drug of their masters. With the passing of decades, gospel medication, color and rude music began to evolve from the potpourri of African and American music and later were adapted to become the musical genre of the African-Americans.Before the onset of the Second initiation War, gospel music transformed into rhythm and blues and eventually into Jazz. The war broke up the publicity of Jazz and so in 1942 and 1943, Jazz bands migrated from south to the refreshedton to stage their performance and resurrect the popularity of farting. Unfortunately, Jazz has never regained its reputation because of the lack of support by recording companies. The groups of African-American J azz Bands staged a spacious strike against these recording companies and ask for support for the already dwindling music diligence of Jazz. But conditions were not met.In the long run the recording companies without any separate alternative music in place of jazz tried to experiment with solo performers, vocal backings and small groups of singers. Since gospel songs were still sung by bootlegs religious group, the word stone has been in constant use with some of the songs they created. Examples of these songs be the Rock My Soul, Rock Me Lord, Rock Daniel and so on. Although the word shake off has occasionally been misconstrued during the 1920s describing it as a connotation for sex in slang word, it was in 1947 when Roy Brown changed that meaning.Brown did a blues called Good Rockin Tonight and and so it was followed by Wynonie Harries song that was derived from Browns blues. The word lean became fad among the rhythm and blues (r&b) songs and recordings. From there on, mu sicians have begun to experiment on vocals and guitar away from jazz By the late 1940s, groups like the Orioles were already performing thrill music with the style of African-American dance music of boogie-woogie. Louis Jordan who was known then to be the most popular r&b performer had embarked on playing rock music and made 18 records that remained bestseller for long time.His dance music of lively dance called pass through blues or jumpin jive had inspired the spirit of early rocknroll. Jimmy Preston, Bill Haley and Chuck Berry were solely few of the early rock and rollers who were also inspired by the music of Jordan. But prior to the introduction of rock and roll into the music industry, this musical genre have already been created by otherwise bands unknown in the industry. The Muddy Waters in 1943 made their own style of combining amplified vocals, guitar, drums, harmonica and piano to create music much the same as rock and roll.The music was only to become a hit when Jorda n made his music backed-up by recording companies. Although it seems now that rock and roll was also introduced by the revolutionary evolution of African-American music, its arrival also influenced county and Western music. The Western music absorbed the tempo of rock and roll particularly the boogie-woogie dance and style of songs. It was understood that the first rocknroll recording was Rocket 88 by Ike Turner and His hertz Kings in Memphis under Sam Phillips studio. Phillips is soon to discover Elvis Presley, B.B. King, Jerry Lewis, Roy Orbison and Johnny Cash in the world of rock and roll. There are also other claims on the origin of rock and roll. Chuck Berry who was once a blues singer claimed that he was writing a country song when he accidentally invented rocknroll by playing lively tunes while Little Richard who had his first rock and roll record for Tutti Frutti said he was the architect and the accredited king of rock and roll (Thorogood, 2004). Observing the evolution of rock and roll to the rock music of today in its 50 classs of development was unexpected.The late 1940s have popularized the doo-woop and boogie woogie as the progression of rock and roll in its early stage. During the 1950s, however, music of different genre with mixture of early rock and roll, country, blues and jazz has made the world of music livelier. This became the era for Presley, Haley, Holly and Little Richard. In the 1960s, America has begun to merge their music with the British. The Beatles has arrived and invaded not only America but also the world with their most popular rock band.Later, they overtook what Elvis and the other great rock and roll performers have ruled in the past decade. The Beatles have triggered a new age of rock and more astonishing genre of rock was about to come in the following decades. This result explain the relation of the early rock and roll to the music we have today. After years of Beatlemania we have created more colorful, livelier and intriguing bands in the world of rock. bump Floyd, The Who, The Rolling Stones, Grateful Dead and Jimi Hendrix were only few of those who also conquered the world with their own style of rock.Folk rock was one of the metamorphoses of rock and roll that has the traditional acoustic rock and blues undertone. Bob Dylan and Janis Joplin were few of the most popular musicians who are best in this genre. Heavy metal rock also emanates from the early rock and roll and it is emphasized with the use of a thick, heavy and highly amplified electric musical instruments to produce not only rhythm but with the accent of the real rocking of instruments. The Black Sabbath popularized heavy metal in our modern society. The 70s became a war of the heavy metal bands.Led Zeppelin who was already known in the 60s became more popular as the dawning of heavy metal music continued. They created a perfect blend of hard rock and blues to create their original music. Other rock bands are mellower, however, with the emergence of bands like David Bowie, the Eagles, Queen and Yes. These bands does not follow the genre of hard rock but leveled more on soft rock, pop, soul and country music with the influence of rock. Before the closing of the 70s, a new wave of music that cast the shadow of rock and roll came into the scene.The punk rock was a combination of anarchism and teenage rage with the musical bases of rock and roll. Originally introduced by The Ramones, other bands followed their style with the arrival of The Sex Pistols and The Clash. The coming of punk music influenced the new multiplication of music in the following years. As the 1980s became most popular with the reintroduction of different bands of different style, heavy metal bands dominate the music industry during this decade. Heavy metal rock bands are most notorious with their tight leather pants, electrifying guitar solos and colorful hair.Guns and Roses, Van Halen, AC/DC, Aerosmith, Motley Cue and Bon Jovi are good e xamples of these bands. These bands occupy the music airwave with their powerful ballads and guitar solos. Then during the mid 80s, another wave of music genre was suddenly introduced by the generation of puppyish but jolly musicians. From punk into funk, the disco music has arrived. In the last years of the decade, alternative rock or better known as indie music emerged. This is where the bands of U2, The Cure and Sonic Youth became most popular.As the 1990s came, new bands of rock alternative musicians came packing a different form of music. It was known as grunge music and the most popular band in this genre was the Nirvana. Grunge music is emphasized by the playing of dirty guitar and strong guitar riffs that is distort to produce feedback with other instruments. It originates from Seattle, Washington and expresses dark lyrics and torments which the generation adored. Peal Jam, Alice in Chains and Janes Addiction specialize in this type of music.The coming of year 2000 up to t he present became a mixture of genre of music that was broadest in its form. The passing of generations, however, have seen the transformation of music to the very simple gospel music to the lively rock and roll and to more daring musical adaptations of different musical genre. At present, Emo music is most popular among the young generations of today. It is an alternative rock sub genre that contains intense emotional lyrics mixed with the root of hardcore punk.Bands like Taking Back Sunday, Senses Fail, From First to Last, Brand New and mellower bands like the fascia Confessional, and Bright Eyes are only few of the Indie bands that scattered their influence in our music industry (MeGsTeRl3, 2007). Technology has played a major(ip) role in the development of rock when Adolph Rickenbacker invented the electric guitar in 1931. Transistor technology was also improved as well as the microphones to capture the bankers bill of voice.Guitars became louder and vocals with the shuffle bea t of blues drumming revolutionize the making of drum kit assembly best fit for the tones. Country, folk and all-American music originates from diversified forms of music but they all fall under the influence of rock music. The decades of influence by different artists have saturated the mind of the public that focused on rock music. Developing it into an artform exploded into many genre of artist, style, media and tools that have alternately altered, distorted or even improved the level music preferred by the public.What is more amazing is that from time to time there were bands that would shock us, amaze us or even bring us to high level of consciousness with their presentation of music. However, with all the music, song, tunes and composition we had and still have every bit of it have roots of rock and roll into it. Rock n roll inspired us to become daring and experimental with our music and so we learn to realize our freedom to make music according to the preference of the exist ing generation (Productions, 2004).

Cambridge Consulting Group: Bob Anderson Essay

Assignment1. Does docking facility Anderson have a business, or be these the musings of an overly successful partner?Bob has a occupation lack of vision and long range thinking for the business. Bob also has some unresolved issues with his colleague John Burgess, which is affecting his sense of direction.2. If he has a problem, how would you describe it? He is ignoring important warning signs in his business and personal life, by busying himself with tasks that he enjoys, and that deliver him visible and easily measurable achievements primarily gross revenue and new business. While business is currently very strong, Bob is personally responsible for too much of the success. Bobs five vice presidents are craving guidance, training, mentoring and career direction, and Bobs wife and family are craving attention and affection. By forgoing long term planning, training and effective delegation, Bob is putting both the business, and his personal life in jeopardy, therefore placing even more pressure on himself.3. What are the underlying causes? Bob is still toilsome to prove to his colleague John Burgess that he is the right person for the managing partner role, after John was overlooked for the position. By burying the issue, and not addressing the problem in their relationship soon after his promotion, a rift formed between the two partners and has now divided the business. Bob underestimates how evident this is to his staff, and still feels that he has to prove his eligibility for the role, by demonstrating his value to the business through growth in billings. By failing to properly impute to John, the only other partner in the business, Bob is essentially making his job twice as challenging by failing to properly utilise Johns skills and talents.4. What actions, if any, should Anderson support? piteous term? middling term? Long term? Short Term As the business is currently performing very well, Bob could afford to take some time off for a holiday with his family. He needs to stop avoiding responsibilities not only in his business, but also at home. He is burying himself in his role and if he doesnt quickly address the issues in his personal life, he is heading for a mid life crisis. Medium Term Bob needs to address the underlying issues with his colleague John, and ask for his support in developing and growing the structure of the business. Bob must delegate responsibilities, especially those around business acquisition. Bob should invest in a formal training and development program, along with a more clearly specify path to becoming a partner for his vice-presidents. Long term Bob should empower his vice-presidents to take on significantly more responsibilities, in order to disregard his personal exposure and workload.

Critical and creative thinking skills Essay

Critical and original sentiment skills are used throughout our lives to help us pip important findings and guide us through our most difficult and treasured moments. These particular idea skills are deemed to be high levels of thought and through this higher level of cerebration, help us sack up both personal and professional decisions. According to Le Cornu (2009), critical thinking is defined as the intellectually even outd process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered (p.1). This type of thinking embodies three different characteristics in its go up, these three dimensions are, analytic, evaluation and creative. In taking this approach integrity must be ableto think critically through reflection, observation of the major components and also incorporate some creativity to come up with unique ways to address the situation. Utilizing this approach guides us and gives us a strategy to incorpor ate both critical and creative thinking which work hand in hand to allow us to arrive at our final decision. Critical and creative thinking are thought to involve a complex approach to arriving at an educated decision by implementing a strategy for questioning and reasoning that will allow arrival at a final well informed outcome (Nicholls, 2010).I have used critical and creative thinking in my life many times, most recently I used this thinking process to make a very important decision. This decision consisted of deciding whether to come back school and pursue my Masters in Psychology with an emphasis in behavioural Health. This decision required thoughtful thinking and was used to obtain the best possible decision I could. I decided to use this method of thinking because, according to Paul & Elder (2006), critical thinking is the active, persistent and careful consideration of a belief or form of knowledge, the grounds that support it and the conclusions that come up (p.5). I con sidered this to be a very important decision therefore Iunderstood that it would require thoughtful consideration to arrive at the beneficial choice for me. At this point in my life three major things had to be evaluated, analyzed and thought more or less creatively. My family, my career, and the value of obtaining a graduate degree. I had to take extensive time and weigh the pros and cons of returning to school at this point.I had to examine those major factors critically and I also had to be creative in my thinking to work out the details. Nicholls (2010), states that creativity involves forming ideas to solve problems and resolve issues (p.12). In considering such a life changing decision, intellectual and out of the boxwood methods had to be considered. My family consists of my 3 year old daughter and my fiance. In making this very important decision I had to examine how this decision would affect these cardinal very important people. Factors included, time and money. Evaluat ing if my family would suffer because of the time and energy I would use pursuing my degree. Also, how would the amount of tuition effect our financial status and how would we countersink to this. Being a fulltime mom for two years, living off of one salary, having no savings, were all factors that had to be taken into consideration. On one hand, obtaining a higher degree could potentially increase our income, however one the other hand, paying the tuition in the interim while still living off of one salary had to be taken into consideration.These very important issues all had to be evaluated and analyzed. In taking these issues into consideration I was offered a full time position, providing ABA disturbance to children on the Autism Spectrum. This presented an fire, positive opportunity except for the fact that I was not thinking about returning to school at the very same time. This exciting opportunity presented me with both obstacles and benefits that I had to incorporate. So me of these obstacles included being able to perform at the best of my abilities, completing tasks proficiently and number one on the list ensuring that I have enough time to spend with my family. In examining these obstacles I had to analyze the immediate benefits that this entailed as well, one of which included, having two salaries, having the financial certificate that two incomes can provide. Being that my daughter is only three years old, constantly growing and changing each day, every minute spent onward from her, could potentially be a minute that I missed a major milestone in her life. Included in this struggle for time would be less time to completeschool work, to study, to interact with classmates.Therefore in turn leaving less time to take in the overall meet that a graduate program has to offer. Having all this to consider I had to resort to sound thinking otherwise known as critical and creative thinking which requires both imagination and intellectual standards (Pau l &Elder) (p.4). These things contributed to the quality of my decision in that I took the time to analyze all factors, evaluate how these things would both have a detrimental or positive affect, and be creative in the ways that I could go about planning, and organizing my life to incorporate this change. In doing this I used cognitive skills or strategies that increased the probability of a desirable outcome (Halpern 1998). My education, devoteability, time, completing assignments to the best of my abilities and learning all appropriate information were all things that had to be taken into consideration. Going back to school requires dedication in time, money and consistency.Would I have enough time to complete assignments and tasks, would I be able to afford this? Considering all options I finally arrived at the decision to return to school and complete my dream of obtaining a masters degree. When I thought methodically, incorporate a strategy that allowed myself to evaluate a nd analyze the pros and cons, while also incorporating some creativity I was able to see that this was the right decision for me. In thinking critically and creatively I came to the conclusion that it would not be perfect, I would not be able to fulfill all my duties every day. However with patience, organization, and discipline I am currently on the right track, and am happy with the outcome thus far.There are days when I cannot believe I made this decision. There are times when I am just too exhausted to make that special meal for my family and feel defeated. However, after taking a few moments for myself I am able to realize that there is tomorrow, and in that day I can once again try and accomplish what I did not the day before. In thinking this way I am still incorporating critical and creative thinking skills in which bring about a positive outcome.ReferencesHalpern, D. F. (1998). Teaching critical thinking for transfer across domains Dispisitions skills, structure training, a nd meta cognitivemonitoring. American Psychologist 53(4), 440-445. Le Cornu, A. (2009). Meaning internalizations and Externalization Towards a chockful understanding of the process of reflection and its role in the construction of the self. Adult Quarterly 59 (4), 279-297. Nicholls, D. D. (2010). Development of critical thinking and creativity Practical guidelines for the postsecondary classroom. ATEA journal 38 (1), 12-15. Paul, R. E. (2006). Critical thinking The naute of critical and creative thought. Journal of Developmental Education , 34-35.

Histology Review Supplement

Histology round Supplement The sea-coasts in this section ar designed to provide a basic histology review related to topics introduced in the PhysioEx lab simulations and in your anatomy and physiology textbook. From the PhysioEx master(prenominal) menu, take in Histology Tutorial. The opening screen should appear after a few seconds. The Sort by menu is placed at the top left. Click on the white drop-down menu and appoint Histology Review from the list.You will note that the sliding boards in the histology module are grouped in the following folders Skeletal muscle sea-coasts Nervous create from raw material slides Endocrine meander slides Cardiovascular create from raw material slides respiratory interweave slides Digestive tissue slides Renal tissue slides Select the group of slides you wish to view, and then refer to the relevant worksheet in this section for a step-by-step tutorial. For example, if you would like to review the skeletal muscle slides, tattle on the Skeletal muscle slides folder, and then turn to the next page of this lab manual for the worksheet entitled Skeletal Muscle create from raw stuff Review to deject your review.You will gain the option of viewing slides with or without labels by brattleing the On/ moody andtons at the after part left of the viewer. Since the slides in this module have been aimed for their relevance to topics covered in the PhysioEx lab simulation, it is recommended that you complete the worksheets along with a related PhysioEx lab. For example, you might complete the Skeletal Muscle Tissue worksheet honest before or after your instructor assigns you Exercise 2, the PhysioEx lab simulation on Skeletal Muscle Physiology. For additional histology review, turn to page 121. 23 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Review From the PhysioEx main menu, select Histology Review Supplement. When the screen comes up, click Select an Image Group. From Group Listing, click Skeletal muscle slides. To view slides without l abels, click the Labels Off scarceton at the pot right of the monitor. Click slide 1. Skeletal muscle is composed of extremely large, cylindrical multinucleated mobile phones c wholeed myo fictional characters. The nuclei of the skeletal muscle cell (myonuclei) are located peripherally just subjacent to the muscle cell plasmalemma (sarcolemma).The interior of the cell is literally filled with an assembly of contractile proteins (myofilaments) arranged in a specific overlapping pattern orient parallel to the long axis of the cell. Click slides 2, 3. Sarcomeres are the working(a) social units of skeletal muscle. The organization of contractile proteins into a first-string end-to-end repeating pattern of sarcomeres along the length of distributively cell accounts for the striated, or striped, appearance of skeletal muscle in longitudinal section. Click slide 4.The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sarcoplasmic reticulum), modified into an extensive network of membranous channels t hat store, release, and take up the calcium necessary for contraction, to a fault functions to further organize the myofilaments inner(a) the cell into cylindrical bundles called myofibrils. The stippled appearance of the cytoplasm in cells cut in cross section re bequests the internal organization of myofilaments bundled into myofibrils by the membranous sarcoplasmic reticulum. What is the operative unit of contraction in skeletal muscle?Click slide 5. The neural stimulus for contraction arises from the axone of a motor neuron whose axon terminal comes into shoemakers last apposition to the muscle cell sarcolemma. Would you characterize skeletal muscle as voluntary or involuntary? Name the site of close juxtaposition of an axon terminal with the muscle cell plasmalemma. Skeletal muscle also has an extensive connecter tissue component that, in addition to con television channeling alliance vessels and nerves, becomes incessant with the connective tissue of its tendon.The tend on in turn is directly continuous with the connective tissue covering (the periosteum) of the adjacent bone. This connective tissue tenaciousness from muscle to tendon to bone is the basis for movement of the musculoskeletal system. What is the name of the loose areolar connective tissue covering of an individual muscle fiber? endomysium The perimysium is a collagenous connective tissue layer that groups several muscle fibers together into bundles called fascicles . the sacromeres What are the two principal contractile proteins that compose the functional unit of contraction?Which connective tissue layer surrounds the entire muscle and merges with the connective tissue of tendons and aponeuroses? epimysium actin and myosin What is the specific kind of the functional unit of contraction to the striated appearance of a skeletal muscle fiber? the repeating pattern of the sacromeres organized end to end 124 Histology Review Supplement Nervous Tissue Review From the PhysioEx main menu, select Histology Review Supplement. When the screen comes up, click Select an Image Group. From Group Listing, click Nervous tissue slides.To view slides without labels, click the Labels Off button at the base right of the monitor. Nervous tissue is composed of nerve cells (neurons) and a variety of actualize cells. Click slide 1. Each nerve cell consists of a cell personate (perikaryon) and one or much cellular processes (axon and dendrites) failing from it. The cell body contains the nucleus, which is typically pale-staining and round or spherical in shape, and the usual assortment of cytoplasmatic organelles. Characteristically, the nucleus features a prominent nucleolus often described as resembling the upil of a birds eye (birds eye, or schnozs eye, nucleolus). Click slide 2. The cytoplasm of the cell body is most often granular in appearance due to the presence of darkly varnished clumps of ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum (Nissl bodies/ Nissl substance). Gene rally, a single axon arises from the cell body at a pale-staining region (axon hillock), devoid of Nissl bodies. The location and number of dendrites arising from the cell body varies greatly. Axons and dendrites are grouped together in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to form peripheral nerves.What is the primary unit of function in nervous tissue? Click slide 5. Because Schwann cells are aligned in series and myelinate only a niggling segment of a single axon, small gaps occur amongst the myelin sheaths of adjacent contiguous Schwann cells. The gaps, called nodes of Ranvier, together with the insulating properties of myelin, enhance the speed of conduction of electrical impulses along the length of the axon. Different support cells and myelinating cells are present in the central nervous system (CNS). What is the general name for all support cells within the CNS? neuroglial cellsName the specific myelinating cell of the CNS. Oligodendrocyte In the PNS, connective tissue also plays a role in providing support and organization. In fact, the composition and organization of the connective tissue investments of peripheral nerves are alike to those of skeletal muscle. Click slide 3. Each individual axon or dendrite is surrounded by a thin and delicate layer of loose connective tissue called the endoneurium (not shown. ) The perineurium, a slightly thicker layer of loose connective tissue, groups many axons and dendrites together into bundles (fascicles).The outer(prenominal) epineurium surrounds the entire nerve with a thick layer of grueling irregular connective tissue, often infilt gaitd with adipose tissue, that conveys lineage and lymphatic vessels to the nerve. There is no connective tissue component within the nervous tissue of the CNS. What is the relationship of the endoneurium to the myelin sheath? neuron Name the pale-staining region of the cell body from which the axon arises. nucleus The support cells of the nervous system perform extremely b ig functions including support, protection, insulation, and maintenance and regulation of the microenvironment that surrounds the nerve cells.Click slides 3, 4. In the PNS, support cells surround cell bodies (satellite cells) and individual axons and dendrites (Schwann cells). Schwann cells, in particular, are responsible for wrapping their cell membrane jelly-roll style around axons and dendrites to form an insulating sleeve called the myelin sheath. enclosed and protects Histology Review Supplement 125 Endocrine Tissue Review From the PhysioEx main menu, select Histology Review Supplement. When the screen comes up, click Select an Image Group.From Group Listing, click Endocrine tissue slides. To view slides without labels, click the Labels Off button at the bottom right of the monitor. antrum, except for a thin rim of granulosa cells (corona radiata) that encircles the oocyte and a pedestal of granulosa cells (cumulus oophorus) that attaches the oocyte to the inner ring of the a ntrum. Which cells of the ovarian follicle secrete estrogen? Thyroid secreter The thyroid secretor regulates metabolism by regulating the secretion of the hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) into the pedigree.Click slide 1. The gland is composed of fluid-filled (colloid) spheres, called follicles, formed by a wide-eyed-minded epithelial tissue that can be squamous to columnar depending upon the glands activity. The colloid stored in the follicles is primarily composed of a glycoprotein (thyroglobulin) that is synthesized and secreted by the follicular cells. Under the influence of the pituitary gland, the follicular cells take up the colloid, convert it into T3 and T4, and secrete the T3 and T4 into an extensive capillary network.A second population of cells, parafollicular (C) cells (not shown), may be found scattered through the follicular epithelium but often are present in the connective tissue betwixt follicles. The pale-staining parafollicular cells secret e the protein hormone calcitonin. Why is the thyroid gland considered to be an endocrine gland organ? Uterus Click slides 4, 5, 6. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ with three major layers the endometrium, myometrium, and either an tunica or a serosa. The middle, myometrial layer of the uterine wall is composed of several layers of smooth muscle oriented in different planes.Click slide 6. The innermost (nearest the lumen) endometrial layer is further dual-lane functionally into a superficial functional layer (stratum functionalis) and a hidden basal layer (stratum basalis). Click slide 4. A simple columnar epithelium with both ciliated and nonciliated cells bank lines the go forth of the endometrium. The endometrial connective tissue features an abundance of tubelike endometrial glands that extend from the base to the surface of the layer. During the proliferative phase of the menstrual round of golf, shown here, the endometrium becomes thicker as the glands and blood ves sels proliferate.Click slide 5. In the secretory phase, the endometrium and its glands and blood vessels are fully expanded. Click slide 6. In the menstrual phase, the glands and blood vessels degenerate as the functional layer of the endometrium sloughs away. The deep basal layer (stratum basalis) is not sloughed and will regenerate the endometrium during the next proliferative phase. Which layer of the endometrium is shed during the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle? it secrets a horomone What hormone secreted by the pituitary gland controls the synthesis and secretion of T3 and T4? TSH thyroid stimulating hormoneWhat is the function of calcitonin? causes CA to be released into blood Ovary The ovary is an organ that serves both an duct gland function in producing eggs (ova) and an endocrine function in secreting the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Click slide 2. Grossly, the ovary is divided into a peripherally located cortex in which the oocytes (precursors to the ovul ated egg) develop and a central medulla in which connective tissue surrounds blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves. The oocytes, together with financial backing cells (granulosa cells), form the ovarian follicles seen in the cortex at various stages of development.Click slide 3. As an individual oocyte grows, granulosa cells proliferate from a single layer of cube-shaped cells that surround the oocyte to a multicellular layer that defines a fluid-filled spherical follicle. In a mature follicle (Graafian follicle), the granulosa cells are displaced to the periphery of the fluid-filled 126 Histology Review Supplement endometrium What is the function of the deep basal layer (stratum basalis) of the endometrium? regenerate new superficial layer What composes a serosa? perimetriumHow does the serosa of the uterus, where present, differ from visceral peritoneum? location Pancreas The pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. Click slide 7. The exocrine portion is charac terized by glandular secretory units (acini) formed by a simple epithelium of triangular or pyramidal cells that encircle a small central lumen. The central lumen is the direct connection to the duct system that conveys the exocrine secretions out of the gland. Scattered among the exocrine secretory units are the pale-staining clusters of cells that compose the endocrine portion of the gland.The cells that form these clusters, called pancreatic islet cells (islets of Langerhans), secrete a number of hormones, including insulin and glucagon. Do the pancreatic islets secrete their hormones into the same duct system used by the exocrine secretory cells? no, but directly into blood stream Histology Review Supplement 127 Cardiovascular Tissue Review From the PhysioEx main menu, select Histology Review Supplement. When the screen comes up, click Select an Image Group. From Group Listing, click Cardiovascular Tissue Slides. To view slides without labels, click the Labels Off button at the bottom right of the monitor.Which component of the intercalated disc is a junction that provides the intercellular communication required for the myocardium to perform as a functional syncytium? gap juntions crosscurrent Vessels Blood vessels form a system of conduits through which lifesustaining blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart again. Click slide 3. Generally, the wall of every vessel is described as universe composed of three layers, or tunics. The tunica intima, or tunica interna, a simple squamous endothelium and a small amount of subjacent loose connective tissue, is the innermost layer adjacent to the vessel lumen.Smooth muscle and elastin are the predominant constituents of the middle tunica media, and the outer(prenominal) tunica adventitia, or tunica externa, is a connective tissue layer of variable thickness that provides support and transmits smaller blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. The thickness of each tunic var ies widely with location and function of the vessel. Arteries, subjected to considerable pressure fluctuations, have thicker walls overall, with the tunica media being thicker than the tunica adventitia.Veins, in contrast, are subjected to much lower pressures and have thinner walls overall, with the tunica adventitia often outsizing the tunica media. Because thin-walled veins conduct blood back to the heart against gravity, valves (not present in arteries) also are present at intervals to prevent backflow. In capillaries, where exchange occurs between the blood and tissues, the tunica intima alone composes the vessel wall. The tunica media of the aorta would have a much greater proportion of what attribute of tissue than a small artery? Heart The heart is a four-chambered muscular pump.Although its wall can be divided into three distinct histologic layers (endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium), the cardiac muscle of the myocardium composes the bulk of the heart wall. Click sli de 1. Contractile cardiac muscle cells (myocytes, myofibers) have the same striated appearance as skeletal muscle, but are discriminateed rather than cylindrical in shape and have one (occasionally two) nucleus (myonucleus) rather than many. The cytoplasmic striations represent the same organization of myofilaments (sarcomeres) and connective of sarcomeres as in skeletal muscle, and the mechanism of contraction is the same.The intercalated disc, however, is a feature unique to cardiac muscle. The densely stained structure is a complex of intercellular junctions (desmosomes, gap junctions, fasciae adherens) that structurally and functionally link cardiac muscle cells end to end. A second population of cells in the myocardium composes the noncontractile intrinsic conduction system (nodal system). Although cardiac muscle is autorhythmic, meaning it has the ability to contract involuntarily in the absence of extrinsic innervation provided by the nervous system, it is the intrinsic con duction system that prescribes the rate and orderly sequence of contraction.Extrinsic innervation only modulates the inherent activity. Click slide 2. Of the various components of the noncontractile intrinsic conduction system, Purkinje fibers are the most readily sight histologically. They are particularly abundant in the ventricular myocardium and are recognized by their very pale-staining cytoplasm and big diam. The connective tissue component of cardiac muscle is relatively sparse and lacks the organization present in skeletal muscle. Which component of the intercalated disc is a strong intercellular junction that functions to keep cells from being pulled apart during contraction? lastic fiber In general, which vessel would have a larger lumen, an artery or its corresponding vein? vein Why would the tunica media and tunica adventitia not be present in a capillary? to allow material exchange between blood and tissue desmosomes What is a functional syncytium? Because the cardia c muscle cells are mechanically, chemically, and electrically connected to one an some other, the entire tissue resembles a single, enormous muscle cell. 128 Histology Review Supplement Respiratory Tissue Review From the PhysioEx main menu, select Histology Review Supplement.When the screen comes up, click Select an Image Group. From Group Listing, click Respiratory Tissue Slides. To view slides without labels, click the Labels Off button at the bottom right of the monitor. The respiratory system serves both to conduct oxygenated airmanship deep into the lungs and to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood. The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles are the part of the system of airways that conduct air into the lungs. Click slide 2. The trachea and bronchi are similar in morphology.Their lumens are lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium), underlain by a connective tissue lamina propria and a deeper conne ctive tissue submucosa with coiled sero-mucous glands that open onto the surface cladding of the airway lumen. Click slide 1. Deep to the submucosa are the hyaline cartilage rings that add structure to the wall of the airway and prevent its collapse. Peripheral to the cartilage is a connective tissue adventitia. The sero-mucous glands are also visible in this slide. Click slide 3.The bronchioles, in contrast, are much smaller in diameter with a continuous layer of smooth muscle in place of the cartilaginous reinforcements. A gradual decrease in the stature of the epithelium to simple columnar also occurs as the bronchioles decrease in diameter. Distally the bronchioles give way to the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli in which gas exchange occurs. In the respiratory bronchiole, the epithelium becomes simple cuboidal and the continuous smooth muscle layer is interrupted at intervals by the presence of alveoli inserted into the bronchiolar wall.Cli ck slide 4. Although some exchange occurs in the respiratory bronchiole, it is within the alveoli of the alveolar ducts and sacs that the preponderance of gas exchange transpires. Here the walls of the alveoli, devoid of smooth muscle, are reduced in thickness to the thinnest possible juxtaposition of simple squamous alveolar cell to simple squamous capillary endothelial cell. What are the primary functions of the respiratory epithelium? What is the primary functional unit of the lung? alveoli The alveolar wall is very delicate and subject to collapse.Why is there no smooth muscle present in its wall for support? smooth muscle would hinder the gas exchange What are the three basic components of the air-blood barrier? alveolar, capillary walls and basal laminae humidfy, perk and warm incoming air Why doesnt gas exchange occur in bronchi? bronchi have no alveoli Histology Review Supplement 129 Digestive Tissue Review From the PhysioEx main menu, select Histology Review Supplement. Wh en the screen comes up, click Select an Image Group. From Group Listing, click Digestive Tissue Slides.To view slides without labels, click the Labels Off button at the bottom right of the monitor. smooth muscle nearest the plunk for, and a mix of both skeletal and smooth muscle in between. 4. The outermost layer of the ogullet is an adventitia for the portion of the esophagus in the thorax, and a serosa after the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm and enters the abdominal cavity. Click slide 3. Here we can see the keen change in epithelium at the gastroesophageal junction, where the esophagus becomes continuous with the stomach. Briefly explain the difference between an adventitia and a serosa. Salivary GlandThe digestive process begins in the mouth with the physical breakdown of intellectual nourishment by mastication. At the same time salivary gland secretions moisten the food and begin to hydrolyze carbohydrates. The saliva that enters the mouth is a mix of serous secretions and mucus (mucin) produced by the three major pairs of salivary glands. Click slide 1. The secretory units of the salivary tissue shown here are composed predominantly of clusters of pale-staining mucussecreting cells. More darkly stained serous cells cluster to form a demilune (half moon) adjacent to the lumen and contribute a clear fluid to the salivary secretion.Salivary secretions flow to the mouth from the respective glands through a well-developed duct system. Are salivary glands endocrine or exocrine glands? serosa secret serous fluid, and adventitia dont. Stomach The wall of the stomach has the same basic four-layered organization as that of the esophagus. Click slide 4. The mucosa of the stomach consists of a simple columnar epithelium, a thin connective tissue lamina propria, and a thin muscularis mucosa. The most significant feature of the stomach mucosa is that the epithelium invaginates deeply into the lamina propria to form superficial gastric pits and deeper gastric glands.Although the epithelium of the stomach is composed of a variety of cell types, each with a unique and essential function, only three are mentioned here (see slide 5). Click slide 5. The surface mucous cells are simple columnar cells that line the gastric pits and secrete mucus continuously onto the surface of the epithelium. The large round pink- to red-stained parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) line the upper half of the gastric glands more abundant in the lower half of the gastric glands are the chief cells (not shown), usually stained blue, that secrete pepsinogen (a precursor to pepsin).Click slide 4. The submucosa is similar to that of the esophagus but without glands. The muscularis externa has the two typical circumferential and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle, plus an extra layer of smooth muscle oriented obliquely. The stomachs outermost layer is a serosa. What is the function of the mucus secreted by surface mucous cells? exocrine Which saliva ry secretion, mucous or serous, is more thin and watery in consistency? serous EsophagusThrough contractions of its muscular wall (peristalsis), the esophagus propels food from the mouth to the stomach. Four major layers are apparent when the wall of the esophagus is cut in transverse section Click slide 2. 1. The mucosa adjacent to the lumen consists of a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, its immediately subjacent connective tissue (lamina propria) containing blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and cells of the immune system, and a thin smooth muscle layer (muscularis mucosa) forms the boundary between the mucosa and the submucosa.Because this slide is a low explosion view, it is not possible to discern all parts of the mucosa nor the boundary between it and the submucosa. 2. The submucosa is a layer of connective tissue of variable density, traversed by larger caliber vessels and nerves, that houses the mucus-secreting esophageal glands whose secretions protec t the epithelium and further lubricate the passing food bolus. 3. Much of the substance of the esophageal wall consists of both circumferentially and longitudinally oriented layers of muscle called the muscularis externa.The muscularis externa is composed of skeletal muscle nearest the mouth, 130 Histology Review Supplement protects the epithelium Small Intestine The key to understanding the histology of the small intestine lies in knowing that its major function is absorption. To that end, its absorptive surface area has been amplified greatly in the following ways 1. The mucosa and submucosa are thrown into long-lasting folds (plicae circulares). 2. Fingerlike extensions of the lamina propria form villi (singular villus) that protrude into the intestinal lumen (click slide 7). 3.The individual simple columnar epithelial cells (enterocytes) that cover the villi have microvilli (a brush border), tiny projections of apical plasma membrane to increase their absorptive surface area ( click slide 6). Click slide 7. Although all three segments of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) possess villi and tubular crypts of Lieberkuhn that project deep into the mucosa between villi, some unique features are present in particular segments. For example, large mucous glands (duodenal glands, Brunners glands) are present in the submucosa of the duodenum.In addition, permanent aggregates of lymphatic tissue (Peyers patches) are a unique characteristic of the ileum (click slide 8). Aside from these specific features and the fact that the height of the villi vary from quite tall in the duodenum to fairly short in the terminal ileum, the overall morphology of mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa is quite similar in all three segments. Why is it important for the duodenum to add large quantities of mucus (from the duodenal glands) to the partially digested food entering it from the stomach?Click slide 10. Located in the surrounding connective tissue, r oughly at the points of the hexagon where three lobules meet, is the portal triad (portal canal). Click slide 12. The three constituents of the portal triad include a branch of the hepatic artery, a branch of the hepatic portal vein, and a bile duct. Both the hepatic artery and portal vein empty their oxygen-rich blood and nutrient-rich blood, respectively, into the sinusoids. This blood mixes in the sinusoids and flows centrally in between and around the hepatocytes toward the central vein.Bile, produced by hepatocytes, is secreted into very small channels (bile canaliculi) and flows peripherally (away from the central vein) to the bile duct. Thus, the flow of blood is from peripheral to central in a hepatic lobule, while the bile flow is from central to peripheral. What general type of cell is the phagocytic Kupffer cell? immune Blood in the portal vein flows directly from what organs? liver What is the function of bile in the digestive process? protects intestinal walls raises al kalinity to create standard pH Colon Click slide 9.The four-layered organization is maintained in the wall of the colon, but the colon has no villi, only crypts of Lieberkuhn. Simple columnar epithelial cells (enterocytes with microvilli) are present to absorb water from the digested food mass, and the numbers of mucous goblet cells are increased substantially, especially toward the distal end of the colon. Why is it important to have an abundance of mucous goblet cells in the colon? because they secrete mucous, which is important to fascilitate degestion Pancreas Click slide 13. The exocrine portion of the pancreas synthesizes and secretes pancreatic enzymes.The individual exocrine secretory unit, or acinus, is formed by a group of pyramidal-shaped pancreatic acinar cells clustered around a central lumen into which they secrete their products. A system of pancreatic ducts then transports the enzymes to the duodenum where they are added to the lumen contents to further aid digestio n. The groups of pale-staining cells are the endocrine pancreatic islet (islets of Langerhans) cells. Liver The functional tissue of the liver is organized into hexagonally shaped cylindrical lobules, each delineated by connective tissue.Click slide 11. Within the lobule, large rounded hepatocytes form analogue cords that radiate peripherally from the center of the lobule at the central vein to the surrounding connective tissue. Blood sinusoids lined by simple squamous endothelial cells and darkly stained phagocytic Kupffer cells are interposed between cords of hepatocytes in the same radiating pattern. Histology Review Supplement 131 Renal Tissue Review From the PhysioEx main menu, select Histology Review Supplement. When the screen comes up, click Select an Image Group.From Group Listing, click Renal Tissue Slides. To view slides without labels, click the Labels Off button at the bottom right of the monitor. The many functions of the kidney include filtration, absorption, and secr etion. The kidney filters the blood of metabolic wastes, water, and electrolytes and reabsorbs most of the water and sodium ions filtered to regulate and maintain the bodys fluid volume and electrolyte balance. The kidney also plays an endocrine role in secreting compounds that increase blood pressure and stimulate red blood cell production.The uriniferous tubule is the functional unit of the kidney. It consists of two components the nephron to filter and the collecting tubules and ducts to carry away the tense. Click slide 1. The nephron itself consists of the renal corpuscle, an intimate association of the glomerular capillaries (glomerulus) with the cup-shaped Bowmans capsule, and a single prolonged renal tubule consisting of segments regionally and sequentially named the proximal flex tubule (PCT), the descending and ascending segments of the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).Click slide 2. A closer impression at the renal corpuscle shows both the simple squamous epithelium of the outer layer (parietal layer) of the glomerular capsule (Bowmans capsule) and the specialized inner layer (visceral layer) of podocytes that extend footlike processes to completely envelop the capillaries of the renal glomerulus. Processes of adjacent podocytes interdigitate with one another, leaving only small slits (filtration slits) between the processes through which fluid from the blood is filtered.The filtrate then flows into the urinary space that is directly continuous with the first segment of the renal tubule, the PCT. The PCT is lined by robust cuboidal cells equipped with microvilli to greatly increase the surface area of the side of the cell facing the lumen. Click slide 3. In the loop of Henle, lining cells are simple squamous to simple cuboidal. The DCT cells are also simple cuboidal but are usually much smaller than those of the PCT. The sparse distribution of microvilli, if present at all, on the cells of the DCT relates to their lesser rol e in absorption.The DCT is continuous directly with the collecting tubules and collecting ducts that drain the filtrate out of the kidney. The large renal artery and its many subdivisions provide an abundant blood supply to the kidney. The smallest distal branches of the renal artery become the afferent arterioles that directly supply the capillaries of the glomerulus. In a unique situation, blood from the glomerular capillaries passes into the efferent arteriole rather than into a venule.The efferent arteriole then perfuses two more capillary beds, the peritubular capillary bed and vasa recta that provide nutrient blood to the kidney tissue itself, before ultimately drain into the renal venous system. In which segment of the renal tubule does roughly 7580% of reabsorption occur? proximal convoluted tubules How are proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells similar to enterocytes of the small intestine? both absorb water, salts, vitamins, phosphatesStarting from inside the glomerular c apillary through to the urinary space, what are the three layers through which the filtrate must pass? glomerular capillary enothelium, glomrular basement membrane visceral layer of bowmans capsule Under normal circumstances in a strong individual, would red blood cells or any other cells be present in the renal filtrate? no In addition to providing nutrients to the kidney tubules, what is one other function of the capillaries in the peritubular capillary bed? they deliver blood to tubular sites 132 Histology Review Supplement

Assisted Reproduction Essay

Abstract In this paper I will discuss the ethical issues surrounding surrogacy, egg donation, and discuss exploitations of women who choose to start a surrogate m some other. In addition to these moral issues I will also explore the ethics and morals of IVF and the implantation of sevenfold egg to virtuoso subject that whitethorn result in multiple births. In the occurrence of multiple births the subject is faced with the decision of selective abortion or the pickaxe to give birth to each(prenominal) the fet practises with the risk of severe premature infants.With the birth of premature infants there atomic number 18 additional ethical decision involved in the treatment of those infants that may be afflicted with mental defects and a multitude of medical challenges. Surrogacy is the surgical process in which a baby is created in a petri mete out from the sperm of a man and the eggs of a woman the resulting embryo is than transferred into a host or surrogate in order to gesta te. The surrogate manifestly carries the baby to term for couples who argon unable to carry their own child.They ar helping regular people give-up the ghost p bents. Ethics involved in surrogacy are the assimilates of some that believe those that are unable to conceive or carry a fetus should adopt. Also some believe that those who choose to be surrogates may be exploited. The truth is that adoption is a very rigorous process with lengthy applications and waiting lists. The requirements in most cases take age of the adopting parents into consideration and they moldiness interview with a social worker.In some(prenominal) cases once the adoptive parents have jumped through hoops, and attended the Doctor appointments, paying for medical expenses, deco commitd the greenhouse face disappointment because the birth mother has decided to keep the child. I believe more people would adopt if the rules were more accommodating for couples who wish to become parents and those children wai ting to be adopted in foster homes and group homes (Ethics of Surrogacy). Although surrogacy is not as heavily regulated as adoption it is far easier for couple to use surrogacy to complete their family.I dont believe that surrogates are exploited because this would imply that only the rich are participating in surrogacy births when in actuality it is the essence classes that choose this process of conceiving a child, they use any financial means necessary even if it means taking out a second owe on their home. They are educated people and have steady employment usually as school teachers, military personnel or social workers. They are much like the population of people that choose to be surrogates (Arguments against Surrogacy).Surrogates are compensated but the money gained by surrogates is often utilize to put a down payment on a house, or pay for their adult childs college education or their own. They may choose to be a surrogate in order to remain at home with their own young children rather than to work outside of the home. In fact one of the requirements for somebody to become a surrogate is they must have children of their own. Other qualifications of a surrogate are she must be at least 21 years of age in order to be able to enter into a legal binding pin down.They are provided with their own attorney to go over the contract with them and they undergo a physiological test to be certain they have the correct mindset to be able to carry a child for someone else. These women are not organism taken advantage of in fact they are generous women by nature who are willing to give the ultimate gift. Egg donation and IVF also raise many ethical issues. In the process of IVF the womans body is stimulated to produce many eggs that send packing be fused with her partners sperm to create useable embryos for implantation.Some women are unable to produce their own eggs because must seek the eggs of others. Due to these circumstances the demand for egg donation is high. Women are donating their own eggs to assist infertile couple in conceiving a child. The issue brought up in egg donation is whether the woman should be paid. Some are compensated for travel expenses and childcare, but further requital seems viable since these women have to undergo an outpatient surgical procedure in order to stimulate the ovaries and recover the eggs. in that respect is significant health risks involved in the procedure.There are fewer ethical concerns regarding sperm donation because there arent any health risks involved and the male can make as many as 50 donations in a six-month period. Woman who chooses to donate their eggs can earn several hundred dollars man of whom use to pay for college. They are of a particular level of intelligence and may possess some physical qualities that are desired. The argument in sperm and egg donation is that males can make a fairly lucrative earning with little risk involved while women have to experience surgical pro cedures and risks of complications for less compensation than their counterparts (Fertility Expert).In the process of IVF eggs are harvested and stored for future use. In most cases multiple eggs are implanted into the womb because the procedure is so costly and the chances of conception are better. The two main ethical questions that arise from IVF are what is done with the eggs that are stored, and the ethical questions surrounding the cases of multiple births collectible to several eggs being implanted. This leads us to selective abortion. Many of the eggs that are stored for future use do not get used thus face disposal. Many view this as selective abortion even though the embryos are in petri dishes and not in a womb.Some eggs may be used for research which also raises many ethical questions and concerns. Selective abortion often occurs when multiple eggs have been implanted and it results in the possibility of multiple births. The fetuses are selected for abortion to increase the chances of survival for the remaining fetus or fetuses. In some cases the abortion in therapeutic because the resulting pregnancy could endanger the health of the mother. In some countries selective abortion is utilized because of sexual preference of the fetus. Typically this occurs in cultures where male babies are preferred and female babies are aborted.It is usually referred to as female foeticide. It occurs in countries such as India, and some Asian counties. In other cases selective abortion is used when embryos are screened for contagious abnormalities. If a genetic defect is found the pregnancy is terminated (BBC, ). In these cases such ethical questions that arise are the severity of the condition, the quality of life of the child contributions of the child and frugal factors. As a result of multiple egg implantation involved in IVF resulting in multiple births, the chance of premature birth is highly likely.Although there have been advances in technology that have a llowed neonatologists to provide premies with mechanical ventilation, intravenous nutrition and artificial surfactant there still remains many other uncontrollable complications. The ethical question that arises is at what cost and to what extent do providers take to keep these babies alive. Who makes the decision? The health care provider has a indebtedness to the mothers autonomy but to the beneficence of the fetuses as well in cases of selective abortion (NCBI, ).As defined by World health Organization prematurity are babies that are born before 37 weeks. Babies that are born at 36 weeks are slow to eat and misery to thrive. Babies at 33 weeks have serious problems usually involving lung function, and babies born 28 weeks have significant problems and a minimal survival rate. They are risk of hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, respiratory distress syndrome they are more susceptible to retrolental fibroplasia and blindness. The morbidity of premature babies is inversely related to gestational age.If the babies are discharged they have a higher readmission rate than babies that were born full term (Patient UK, ). Thus with all the complications that occur in a premature births the question that should be asked is what is the quality of life going to be for these children. It is very costly to keep these children thriving and even once they have been discharges from the hospital they are still faced with health, psychomotor, and behavioral problems in the future. In families of multiple births this can be quite burdensome.I do believe that as a community we have a responsibility to what we can for these children that have defied all odds and have survived. Due to medical advances in reproductive technology there has been a huge benefit to couples who have been able to have children due to these advancements. But with technology comes great responsibility and it is necessary to take a step back and look at the history, the technology and the ethics t hat surround these advancements. As humans we make choices, some good and some bad. But with each choice we affect society.

Morality and Honesty Essay

The corresponding of cartwheel is truthfulness cartwheel is a great value which is recognized all over the world. A person is born with the whole tone of honesty but it is difficult to find a truly honest person. This honesty word is truly much know to whole world but has less impact on the character chief(prenominal) part of our society.The value of honesty is highest compliment for a person. An honest person can also be identified by his nature and behavior like sun. The sun is known to all by its light-headed and energy. An honest man succeeds in life better than a ambidextrous man. He is trusted by the people, and respected for his moral character. A dishonest person may cheat some people some time, but not all the time.To sidereal days biggest gap in true sense is the honesty which not strength properly in the young generation specially school disciple. It does not mean that the taught is not in the schools but wan to draw the attention of the school teaching system. The school student must be impressed with honest practice rather than paying strong attention on the science subjects. This is one of the good values of our growing youngster kids and school student. In the future they allow carry the nation on their feet. We all seduce to dictate the tremendous value of honesty to our kids from very beginning from their childhood.An honest man becomes morally strong and character is like a sharp trade name made of stainless steel. Thus an honest man moves in the society freely like virginal and sacred flower spreading sweet smell in all directions. But when a dishonest man is met on the road, people try to avoid his sight or company lest they should fall into his vileness trap or get into some trouble for nothing.Todays people forget the trump policy, honesty is the best policy. One who remains honest all his life, honesty becomes his goodwill in the life time. It is honesty that leads him to reach the goal. He becomes fearless, straightforwa rd, outspoken, and possesses clear conception of everything on earth and hence he is capable of taking correct decision and giving faultless judgment in any matter.We have to realize the value of honesty otherwise social, economical balance will be lost. One day we answer our life before God. Thus his life becomes miserable.

Analysis of the Poem “Genesis”

Bruce Dawe, an Australian poet, has written the poem Genesis. The poem comp atomic number 18s the beginning of civilize to Adam and Eves elision from the Garden of Eden, hence the title Genesis. Dawe has border the context of the poem into a modern day theme. apply the comparison of Adam and Eves loss of ingenuousness, he describes how the white of children is lost at school. This correspondence to the story of graven image expelling Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden beca physical exercise they had eaten fruit from the tree of knowledge. In the poem Genesis, children are expelled from innocence into the harsh realities of the world by partaking of the tree of knowledge education at school. Dawe has used discordant techniques to convey his message across.Throughout the poem, there is an underlying criticism of what society does to children by sending them to school, lead-in us to question the wisdom of education as provided at school. He has achieved this critical input signalary by lightly incorporating the technique of gentle satire into the poem to attack the human folly. This satire implies that society has non learnt from Adam and Eves mistakes and condones the sinful behaviour in the name of education. His idea has been put forward by the interpretations that God created Adam and Eve, of whom lost their innocence from the tree of knowledge, but society created the cause of the loss of innocence through education.In the lines Ah, what ink-stained webs we weave(1.23), Dawe implies that the adults of society have created a trap (that cannot be untangled) for their children, in their commit for their children to know more, almost pushing them into losing their purity of heart. This satire has made possible by the technique of banter because the Garden of Eden is supposed to harmonise paradise, but school is far from paradise yet is respect and designated as a good place by society. The predominating mood created by Dawe is quite paradoxical f or he has put forward a serious inner meaning, in an informal manner.The tone of the poem is cynical and sarcastic, from time to time using wry humour to express the feelings of entrapment and unwillingness of the children Stabbing first flies with new biros (1.8). In the poem you can almost sense the childrens lack of freedom when the poet describes them Watching corner-eyed, the sun, No longer at their beck and c all(prenominal)ing (1.10-11). The school bell has replaced their freedom of control over the day. Using sarcasm, Dawe describes the different classrooms as prison house cells. This implication is made by the words Like old lags to whom alls one (1.7). Lag was the name given to a convict in the early days of Australians history and refers to the children who are imprisoned in their classrooms. The fact that all cells look the same illustrates their lack of interest in their classrooms. It all symbolises the loss of freedom.The childrens loss of freedom innocence is shown throughout the poem and is illustrated by examples of them choosing bad over good. Dumping wholesome snacks Mum makes, In the school incinerator (1.22) and eating tooth-rotting cakes (1.19) and drinking Mind-destroying Fizzi-cola (1.20). With the help of his mindful selection of words such as, mincing and cocky he has built up the imagery that incorporates the sense of flirtatiousness and rebelliousness in the students. Other effects of imagery include the use of allegory where Dawe compares the delay of sound from a jet-plane to the delay of understanding from the school children when faced by the information in their new text-books.Like jet planes so far above them, Waiting for the sonic boom (1.16-17). The use of simile is also closely connected with the metaphor, where Dawe compares the difficulty of schoolwork to the difficulty of reaching a jet-plane. Text-book whose upright answers loom, Like jet planes so far above them(1.15-16). By using both techniques, Dawe enables the reader to cast more clearly the poets impressions.The words used by Dawe are vivid and image is substantial, yet simplistic. This allows readers of all levels to appreciate and understand his writing even those who do not normally care for poetry. He has consummate(a) this in Genesis by using compound words throughout the whole poem, which allow him to describe ideas promptly and concisely, producing a clear image of his intentions tooth-rotting cakes, Mind-destroying fizzi-cola Along with these compound adjectives his rhyming pattern and regular rhythm futher enhances expertness of reading and permits the poem to become almost harmonious.Dawes negative connotations of school, aroused emotions of sadness. This is because I believe the poem speaks of true statement of that innocence is lost in school, a place that provides one of the most important aspects to life, education. Dawe has created this poem to comment on the tragedy of the human race, that is to say, what children ha ve become since Adam and Eve. However, I find that his negative attitudes are not necessarily accurate. Despite my disagreeing view with Dawes beliefs, he has nevertheless been successful in conveying his intentions to laugh at the human obsession with education and the emphasis placed on school learning. He has achieved by incorporating many techniques into his work.

Sensory Perception

Our senses nourish our brain like food feeds our body, without their input signal our brains would be very hollow and lacking of noesis (Kirby & Goodpaster, 2007). For knowledge we heavily aver on what we apprehend from our senses, as they provide first-hand experiences, giving us primary evidence on surroundings and situations. However tenders five senses touch, taste, sight, sound and smell also attain their imitations, so therefore they each have weaknesses to the amount of accuracy of knowledge they bed give.Starting from the sense of sight, a popular expression is see is believing as we depend on this sense to confirm reality. However beliefs from sight vary from some cardinal to person as we perceive things distinguishablely. An example of this would be the fact there was a time when pile believed the earth was flat, as that was how it appeargond as people could see the distant horizon as a heterosexual line, it was only when the few thought otherwise went forth to p rove against this knowledge that they were able to open new-sprung(prenominal) vistas of reality through their vision.Hearing, another sense has also been important for the use of tender- attemptted survival as a way of hearing unusual sounds that may stand for danger and for communication through language. However, human hearing can be limited, as a good deal scientists find the existence or presence of sounds we cannot hear through our own ears. A human hearing deteriorates through age, as sensitivity towards sounds of higher frequence is lost. However our hearing is sophisticated enough that we can organize the sounds we hear, grouping and segregating these factors so in one aspect we hear what we want to hear.Sounds can also be interpreted or misinterpreted by different people as they stimulate varied emotions. As we generally connect the sounds we hear back to our memory, convey we can recognize a person with a distinguishable voice. The sense of smell is important and is frequently used subconsciously for instinctual reasons. As recently discovered the extent to which the smell of a partner can affect our attraction to them. Our perceptions and evaluations others are influenced by their smell, as unpleasant smells connect to our disgusts or negative vista of another.However, the perception of what is a good or bad smell can be interpreted other than between people as it is attached to previous knowledge gained. Knowledge, justification and critical thinking are three factors that contribute to the accuracy of sensory data (Mohanan, 2000). Critical thinking is the mental process of reflecting upon something to value its credibility, truth, significance, usefulness, value or goodness on the basis of information available to us and a humour of justification that we consider legitimate. Critical thinking, knowledge and justification support the accuracy of information that our senses feed our brain.What we blazon out knowledge is a collection of pro positions that we believe to be true. A knowledge claim becomes part of the knowledge for an individual when the claim is accepted as true. Justification involves providing reasons for accepting propositions that we strikes as knowledge, that is, for considering them to be true. It also winding providing reasons for rejecting the propositions that we regard as non-knowledge, considering them to be false. In other words, justification involves the defense of what we regards as true, and the refutation of what we regard as false.Observations, generalizations and theories are strategies of justification when using the senses as a viable way of gaining knowledge. Psychologists have unyielding debated if perception is in fact collectible to nature or nurture. Beginning from the interpret point of nature, Gibsons bottom up/direct theory that all the information we need to perceive is provided by our visual environment e. g. nature, rather than having to use past knowledge or experie nce (Mace, 2005). Additionally, Gibson and Gibson later proposed their Differentiation theory which explains how the innate system gear ups.They implyed when young, we lack the ability to differentiate between objects. However, as we get older we develop the ability to differentiate, for this to take place all the necessary information needed is found is our visual environment. Next, from the view point that perception is a processes of nurture comes from Gregorys top down/indirect theory which suggest that often the perceptual sensory data we receive is ambiguous and impoverished so perception often relies on the construction of sensory data, stored knowledge and expectations (McLeod, 2007).Research would suggest that although some argue that perception is due to nature, while other argues for nurture, it may in fact be that the two factors are interdependent and rely on each other. After all, it would be most adaptive to be born with some sticky wired systems which can be prun ed and then developed to suit our environment. The human senses have enough say-so to enable us to survive and develop our knowledge of our surrounding world to a point a point which we feel comfortable.Each sense has its limitations as well as its capability to be influenced by our inherited preferences, memories or previous knowledge. The senses an also be influenced by certain human states as tiredness, do drugs/alcohol abuse, nutritional deficiencies are all detrimental to the sensitivity of senses causing us to perceive something mistakenly. Our senses aver us similar things through our different experiences in life we absorb the facts in different ways.